Health, Physical Activity and the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympic Games: Legacy or Fallacy?

Health, Physical Activity and the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympic Games: Legacy or Fallacy?: It is generally expected that the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games will bring health and social benefits to their host city and to Brazil.



Author(s)： Vagner Rosa Bizarro, Tatiane Andreazza Lucchese, Amanda Maia Breis, Karine Rucker, Minelli Salles Alves Fernandes, Mikele Torino Paletti, Ana Luísa Conceição de Jesus, Raphael Calafange Marques Pereira, Denise Rosso Tenório Wanderley Rocha, Alberto Krayyem Arbex

ABSTRACT
It is generally expected that the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games will bring health and social benefits to their host city and to Brazil. This assumption comes from “common sense”, as a logical conclusion arising from the fact that host cities “inspire” and stimulate lifestyle changes. Benefits are also expected on tourism, self-image, architecture and the economy of the country as a whole. But are these expectations real and evidence-based? What parts of these “facts” are concrete and which ones are not? This paper suggests available ways of quantifying positive effects of hosting an Olympic Game, and puts the focus of this approach on the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympic Games and their true legacy, seeking scientific certainties.

Source:

Journal： Health
DOI: 10.4236/health.2016.81002 (PDF)
Paper Id: 62648 (metadata)

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The Effective Temperature and the Absolute Magnitude of the Stars

The Effective Temperature and the Absolute Magnitude of the Stars: The theoretical framework developed by A.S. Eddington for the study of the inner structure and stability of the stars has been modified by the author and used in this work to show that knowing the effective temperature and the absolute magnitude, the basic parameters of any gaseous star can be calculated.



Author(s)： Angel Fierros Palacios

ABSTRACT
The theoretical framework developed by A.S. Eddington for the study of the inner structure and stability of the stars has been modified by the author and used in this work to show that knowing the effective temperature and the absolute magnitude, the basic parameters of any gaseous star can be calculated. On the other hand, a possible theoretical explanation of the Hertzsprung-Russel Diagram is presented.

Introduction
The study and understanding of the deep inner parts of the Sun and other stars is a physical situation which seems to be outside the reach of traditional scientific research methods. However, these celestial objects are continuously sending out information to the outer space through the material barriers inside themselves, and this information can be registered in the form of observational data. Therefore, it can be said that the interior of the stars is not disconnected from the rest of the Universe. The gravitational field generated by the stars interacts with other material celestial objects, according to a perfectly determined law. Furthermore, radiant energy coming from the hot interior of the stars reaches the surface after undergoing many deviations and transformations, and begins its journey to outer space. Thus, the dynamic mechanisms inside the stars produce energy processes with results that manifest themselves on the outer part of the star. These results translate into observational data which, along with the general principles governing natural processes such as the conservation of energy and momentum, the laws of thermodynamics, the fundamental properties of radiation and the atom, etc., constitute a basic physical scheme for the construction of a closed and complete theory.

Source:

Journal： Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology
DOI: 10.4236/jhepgc.2016.21007 (PDF)
Paper Id: 62664 (metadata)

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Diabetes, Obesity and the Nutrition Transition in the Mercosur

Diabetes, Obesity and the Nutrition Transition in the Mercosur: This article poses the evolution of diabetes and obesity in the Mercosur, seeking a better understanding of these chronic, non-communicable diseases, and looking for concrete, effective solutions towards health in South America.



Author(s) ：Tatiane Andreazza Lucchese, Amanda Maia Breis, Karine Rucker, Vagner Rosa Bizarro, Lis Marina Mesquita Araújo, Alessandre Gomes, Mikele Torino Paletti, Ana Luísa Conceição de Jesus, Marcella Garcez Duarte, Denise Rosso Tenório Wanderley Rocha, Alberto Krayyem Arbex

ABSTRACT
Diabetes and obesity are major health hazards in Latin America nowadays. Their prevalence has steadily increased since the eighties. Today, more than 50% of the population are overweight, 15% has obesity and 6% to 15% has diabetes. The nutrition transition is a long-term process that brings chronic metabolic diseases as an undesired consequence, whilst ultra processed foods become increasingly part of daily food choices. These changes bring impacts in all fields of daily life, especially in the economic and legal fields—the “Right to Health”—and regarding autonomy of the individual and their choices, when confronted with an ideal of health and well-being. Governments and citizens struggle to propose new pathways and find effective solutions to control both epidemics and solve these issues. This article poses the evolution of diabetes and obesity in the Mercosur, seeking a better understanding of these chronic, non-communicable diseases, and looking for concrete, effective solutions towards health in South America.

Source:

Journal： Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases
DOI: 10.4236/ojemd.2016.61005 (PDF)
Paper Id: 62760 (metadata)

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On a Simpler, Much More General and Truly Marvellous Proof of Fermat's Last Theorem (I)

On a Simpler, Much More General and Truly Marvellous Proof of Fermat's Last Theorem (I): Sir Professor ​​Andrew Wiles's proof employed very advanced mathematical tools and methods that were not at all available in the known World during Fermat's days.



Author(s)： Golden Gadzirayi Nyambuya

ABSTRACT
English mathematics Professor, Sir Andrew John Wiles of the University of Cambridge finally and conclusively proved in 1995 Fermat’s Last Theorem which had for 358 years notoriously resisted all gallant and spirited efforts to prove it even by three of the greatest mathematicians of all time—such as Euler, Laplace and Gauss. Sir Professor ​​Andrew Wiles’s proof employed very advanced mathematical tools and methods that were not at all available in the known World during Fermat’s days. Given that Fermat claimed to have had the “truly marvellous” proof, this fact that the proof only came after 358 years of repeated failures by many notable mathematicians and that the proof came from mathematical tools and methods which are far ahead of Fermat’s time, has led many to doubt that Fermat actually did possess the “truly marvellous” proof which he claimed to have had. In this short reading, via elementary arithmetic methods, we demonstrate conclusively that Fermat’s Last Theorem actually yields to our efforts to prove it.

Source:

Journal： Advances in Pure Mathematics
DOI: 10.4236/apm.2016.61001 (PDF)
Paper Id: 62803 (metadata)

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The Value of Music in Children’s Enlightenment Education

The Value of Music in Children’s Enlightenment Education: A large number of theories and experiments have shown that music plays positive effect on children’s growth.



Author(s): Jue Zhou

ABSTRACT
A large number of theories and experiments have shown that music plays positive effect on children’s growth. Children who have received music education often show outstanding creativity and imagination in their school lives, compared with their peers who have not get any musical training. Just as famous educator Dr. Hans Gunther Bastian has once proposed: “music makes people smart”. Learning music can not only improve children’s intelligence and morality which contributes to the development of their personality, but also can improve their aesthetic ability. Cultivate music to children is an essential progress to promote all-ground education.

Introduction
Music education is an indispensable part of quality education. It is a kind of aesthetic education. It is a unique form of music art. It is not only a kind of music knowledge and skills training, but also in accordance with the special law of the music art to carry out educational activities. In recent years, the music education in our country has gradually been valued by people. “The State Council on the current development of pre-school education, a number of opinions” pointed out that: pre-school education is the beginning of lifelong learning, it is an important part of the national education system, and important social welfare undertakings, run school education, the relationship between the health of millions of children, the vital interests of thousands families, the relationship between the country and the nation’s future .

Early childhood education refers to the implementation of the 3 – 6-year-old child care and education. Preschool education is the starting point of a person’s lifelong education, but also the starting point of quality education. Early childhood education generally contains three aspects: family education, social education and kindergarten education.Kindergarten education is borne by the kindergarten, by professional educators according to the need of the society, for children in the garden, planned, organized to promote the all-round development of their physical and mental activities. It is an important part of basic education. The characteristics of kindergarten education are: the comparison about teaching of the teachers in the professional experience. The group activities are beneficial to the children’s mutual exchange and inspiration. It is an indispensable part of the education of children, but it is closely related with the family education and social education.

Music education in kindergarten is a very special education field, which is different from the ordinary school music education, but also different from other courses. On early childhood education music enlightenment, we must foster children to music hobby and children’s music comprehension adopting lively teaching content and form; it is one of the contents of aesthetic education. With the means of emotional education for children, the power of education is better than simply imparting knowledge and information. Children’s music education in general was from the children’s games. The pleasure of the activity began to enter the emotional experience, and then rose to the aesthetic experience. Former Soviet educator Sue Home Linksys said: “the music education is not to train musician, the first is to cultivate people.” Music education is an important part of early childhood education, which has an important influence on the growth and development of children.

Source:

Journal： Open Journal of Social Sciences
DOI: 10.4236/jss.2015.312023 (PDF)
Paper Id: 62333 (metadata)

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Is It Surgery a Good Choice for Patients over 100 Years with Hip Fracture?

Author(s) ： Bogdan Deleanu, Radu Prejbeanu, Dinu Vermesan, Lucian Honcea, Cristina Nuta, Vlad Predescu

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Elderly patients represent a difficult category of surgical candidates for orthopedic surgery because they have multiple associated diseases and a high degree of osteoporosis. Presentation of Case: We present the case of a 103 years old woman with a pertrohanteric hip fracture treated successfully using a 135˚ dynamic hip screw. Discussion: There are many discussions about this kind of patients regarding postoperative complications, duration of hospitalization, stage of recovery and the patient’s status at discharge. Conclusion: We conclude that surgery may benefit patients who are over 100 year-old.

source:

Journal： Case Reports in Clinical Medicine
DOI: 10.4236/crcm.2015.48056 (PDF)
Paper Id: 58979 (metadata)

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Perceptions of Women on Marriage in Namibia

Author(s)： Nelago Indongo, Lillian Pazvakawambwa

ABSTRACT
Marital pattern in a Namibian society is predominantly of never married women, and the rates are increasing, while the proportion of those getting married is falling, nevertheless, these proportions decline as age increases. Quantitative research revealed differences in marital status by place of residence, education level and age group suggesting that aspects of culture, marriage practices and customs change over time. Focus group discussions of 6 – 9 participants were conducted to construct supplementary in-depth understanding of women’s feelings and attitudes towards marriage in Namibia. Results indicated that women felt that marriage was still important for family formation. The practice of early marriage was reported to be still happening especially in remote rural areas but was on the decline. Marital union choice was dictated by parental guidance, childhood sexual abuse, poverty, culture, age, and religion. Most marriages were not stable and divorces were increasing due to issues of infidelity, poor communication, inpatience and intolerance, step children, financial matters, alcohol and drug abuse, young age at marriage, witchcraft allegations, in-law relationships and even poor cooking. Cohabitation was promoted by exorbitant lobola, marriage costs, modernization, media influences, poverty, and flexibility. The risks associated with cohabiting were gender based violence and passion killings in the event of dissolution and lack of legal representation framework especially with respect to property in the event of partner death. Among the never married women, reasons for not marrying included absence of acceptable mate on the marriage market; need for independence, infertility, fear of abusive relationships, bad past experiences, heart aches, and lack of good married role models to inspire them to also marry.

source:

Journal： Psychology
DOI: 10.4236/psych.2015.611137 (PDF)
Paper Id: 59130 (metadata)

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