scientific news: August 2015

8/09/2015

Application of Graph Theory in Grain and Oil Deployment

Author(s): Guangshu Xu, Zilong Song

ABSTRACT
The deployment of grain and oil is related to the daily needs of people and the stability of society. In this paper, we take the shortest path problem and the minimum cost maximum flow problem in graph theory as the theoretical basis. Through the establishment of distance matrix between the reserves station and the deployment warehouse or between reserve station and reserve station, we use the Floyd algorithm to calculate the shortest path between any two points in the matrix to determine the optimal deployment of the emergency plan. Through the establishment of mathematical model of the reserve station and deployment warehouse, we use the minimum cost maximum flow theory to solve the model and to obtain the deployment programs of grain and oil under normal circumstances. Through the combination of shortest path and minimum cost and maximum flow, we give the deployment plan under the general emergency situation and provide a new way for the deployment of the supply of grain and oil in each case.

source:

Journal： Journal of Service Science and Management
DOI: 10.4236/jssm.2015.84051 (PDF)
Paper Id: 58529 (metadata)

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Brain Signaling in Psychiatric Disorders: What Can They Tell Us in the Absence of Behavioral Differences?

Author(s)：Jodi M. Gilman , James M. Bjork, Timothy E. Wilens

ABSTRACT
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This is a commentary on the often-observed phenomenon of observing task-based brain signaling differences between clinical populations and healthy control participants in the absence of any behavioral decrements in the clinical group. We offer several explanations for why brain-based differences amid normative performance may be of interest to researchers and clinicians. First, neural processing in the clinical group may not be as efficient as that in the control group. Second, differences in activation could reveal important differences in the cognition behind the (normative) behavior. Third, differences in activation may be prognostic biomarkers of injury or decline. In addition, we contend that similar behavior between groups is important in properly interpreting brain data. Finally, we offer caveats and future directions to further clarify brain mechanisms underlying behavior in clinical populations.

source:

Journal： Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science
DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2015.58033 (PDF)
Paper Id: 58360 (metadata)

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Psychology of Light: How Light Influences the Health and Psyche

Author(s)： Rosella Tomassoni, Giuseppe Galetta, Eugenia Treglia

ABSTRACT
Light is the stimulus that influences most the human perception, but also the psychophysical well-being of the individual in everyday life. This paper analyzes the light from a psychological point of view, investigating the relationships between light-based emotions and behaviours, and the psychophysical responses to lit environment by the perceivers in different experiential contexts. Light becomes, therefore, “Cognitive Map” and “Emotional Driver”, but also a “Gestaltic Device” for the perceiver, in order to understand and interpret the external reality.Even the dark and lighting deprivation were considered, not only as environmental conditioning on the mood (Fusco, 2005a), but also through the psychological analysis of specific light manipulation techniques, such as “Sendep” and “Ganzfeld Effect”. Finally, some guidelines were shown to improve health and wellness of the individual exposed to the light in a given environment (healthy lighting), getting to define an “Ecological” approach to light and lighting perception in human life, that would also involve some light-based techniques, such as Light Design and Light Art.

source:

Journal： Psychology
DOI: 10.4236/psych.2015.610119 (PDF)
Paper Id: 58563 (metadata)

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A New Interpretation of the Hubble Law| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Author(s)： Pascal Churoux

ABSTRACT

Empirical model of the μ-z diagram — EMPIRICAL MODEL OF THE Μ-Z DIAGRAM

We propose a new interpretation of Hubble law. Waves are observed in the observer space-time. It defines the observer proper time T. Space-time is composed of three spatial dimensions and three temporal parameters: proper-time s of the observed object, proper time T of the observer and integration time t (currently considered as relative time). Time origin is the birth of the universe. So, universe is stable; it can be seen as the comobile space of expansion theory. When changing space-time from the source to the observer, waves are seen cooling; this explains the redshift effect. The distance is defined as the product of the delay time with the local speed of light of the observer. The mistake between t and T can explain why universe is viewed as not only in expansion but also in acceleration whereas we think it is stable.

Introduction
Up to now, physics laws are based on Einstein relativity, established in 1905. Hubble has discovered the correlation between redshift and distance [1]. Cosmology is based on an interpretation of the redshift as expansion [2] through the ΛCDM model.

This article proposes a new approach to explain Hubble law. Other alternatives to expansion have been proposed such as Zwicky in 1929 [3]. Here, we propose a model without expansion and based on a new space-time notion. It defines the local proper time of the observer. Space-time relationship is changing from the observed source to the observer.

First we present the model and then we discuss the interpretation of redshift applied to black body radiation. We compare the proposed model to measured data in the distance modulus—redshift diagram. At the end we explain why, in present interpretation, universe is viewed expanding and moreover accelerating [4] whereas we think it is stable.

source:

Journal： Journal of Modern Physics
DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2015.69127 (PDF)
Paper Id: 58622 (metadata)

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8/03/2015

Sigma-Point Filters in Robotic Applications

Author(s): Mohammad Al-Shabi

ABSTRACT

Sigma-Points for n = 2 [31]. — SIGMA-POINTS FOR N = 2 [31].

Sigma-Point Kalman Filters (SPKFs) are popular estimation techniques for high nonlinear system applications. The benefits of using SPKFs include (but not limited to) the following: the easiness of linearizing the nonlinear matrices statistically without the need to use the Jacobian matrices, the ability to handle more uncertainties than the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), the ability to handle different types of noise, having less computational time than the Particle Filter (PF) and most of the adaptive techniques which makes it suitable for online applications, and having acceptable performance compared to other nonlinear estimation techniques. Therefore, SPKFs are a strong candidate for nonlinear industrial applications, i.e. robotic arm. Controlling a robotic arm is hard and challenging due to the system nature, which includes sinusoidal functions, and the dependency on the sensors’ number, quality, accuracy and functionality. SPKFs provide with a mechanism that reduces the latter issue in terms of numbers of required sensors and their sensitivity. Moreover, they could handle the nonlinearity for a certain degree. This could be used to improve the controller quality while reducing the cost. In this paper, some SPKF algorithms are applied to 4-DOF robotic arm that consists of one prismatic joint and three revolute joints (PRRR). Those include the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), the Cubature Kalman Filter (CKF), and the Central Differences Kalman Filter (CDKF). This study gives a study of those filters and their responses, stability, robustness, computational time, complexity and convergences in order to obtain the suitable filter for an experimental setup.

source:

Journal： Intelligent Control and Automation
DOI: 10.4236/ica.2015.63017 (PDF)
Paper Id: 58508 (metadata)

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A Model for Measuring Geographic Information Systems Success| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Author(s)：Khalid A. Eldrandaly, Soaad M. Naguib, Mohammed M. Hassan

ABSTRACT
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become a fact of our life as they are being used by more people and organizations for more complex decision problems than ever before. The use of GIS can achieve valuable benefits for individuals, organizations and society; however, the achievement of these benefits depends on the success of GIS. While information systems (IS) success models have received much attention among researchers, there is a general scarcity of research conducted to measure the GIS success. This paper proposes a success model for measuring GIS success by extending and modifying previous IS success models. The developed success model consists of two main levels: GIS project diffusion success, and GIS post-implementation success. The first level identifies the critical success factors (CSFs) that influence the success of GIS adoption at each stage of the diffusion process. The second level of the proposed model identifies and organizes the success dimensions (outcome measures) of GIS in temporal and causal relationships. In order to assess the relationships among the success dimensions, 11 hypotheses were tested. Data were collected through a questionnaire that was distributed to 252 GIS users/managers in Egypt and abroad. The empirical results support 6 hypotheses and reject 5 hypotheses.

source:

Journal： Journal of Geographic Information System
DOI: 10.4236/jgis.2015.74026 (PDF)
Paper Id: 58359 (metadata)

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Associations of Jet Streams with Tornado Outbreaks in the North America| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Author(s)：Igor G. Zurbenko, Mingzeng Sun

ABSTRACT
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Jet streams, a current of fast winds located about seven miles up near the tropopause, are major weather driving factors in the mid-latitudes. Using the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis data resources for the period 1979 to 1988, we defined the latitudinal distribution of daily wind maxima by month, and analyzed latitudinal distribution of the highest daily wind speed at the selected longitude in the 19th week of the year. We showed the typical diving pattern of jet stream over Central America in spring. We found that latitudinal distribution of daily wind maxima was concurrently oscillated with latitudinal distribution of tornado outbreaks in April, May and June. KZ filter smoothed latitudinal distribution of highest daily wind speed on tornado days showed a substantial increase in number of daily wind maxima over tornado alley region, compared to that on non-tornado-days.

source:

Journal： Atmospheric and Climate Sciences
DOI: 10.4236/acs.2015.53026 (PDF)
Paper Id: 58307 (metadata)

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Catastrophic Debrisflow in Dariali (Georgia) in the Year 2014| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Author(s)： George Gaprindashvili, Merab Gaprindashvili

ABSTRACT

River Tergi, Aragvi and Asa-Arghuni, which occupy significant area of mountainous region of central Caucasus, by its geographic location, strategic meaning, peculiarities of natural landscape and infrastructural objects (Trans-Caucasian highway, gas pipeline, water supply of the capital, Gudauri ski-mountainous complex) minerals, historic-ethnographic monuments, opportunities for development of mountainous tourism and mountaineering, where more important engineering projects are being planned; all the above give perspective of development of economic base, employment of the population and restoration of motivated villages, more over that the major part of their perimeter represents state border. At the same time, extremely complex relief, landscape-climatic conditions and sensitive geologic environment have been always defining peculiarities of settlement of population and agricultural activities and determining landscape-ecologic balance of geographic environment. However, whereas amount of land for optimal adaptation is extremely limited, its irregular adaptation causes critical degradation-devastation of lands. Consequently, this causes development of scaled and diverse geologic processes (land-slides, debrisflow, erosion, etc.), which have been complicated anyway and are followed by enormous material loss, forcing thousands of people to leave their homes, emptying if tens of villages and human sacrifice. The article considers conditions of development of a catastrophic debrisflow, which occurred in Dariali in the year 2014 and its negative consequences.

source:

Journal： Natural Science
DOI: 10.4236/ns.2015.77041 (PDF)
Paper Id: 58225 (metadata)

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Simulating Ocean and Tidal Current Power Plants with Homer| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Author(s)：Andrea Fischer, Jones S. Silva, Alexandre Beluco, Luiz Emílio B. Almeida

ABSTRACT
The oceans can provide us with several direct sources of renewable energy, such as wave energy, energy from currents and energy in thermal gradients among other energy resources. The uses of these resources have not yet reached technical and economic maturity, but they have experienced significant advances in recent years. In this process, tools for feasibility analysis of hybrid systems including specific power plants are important. This article is dedicated to the feasibility study of hybrid systems containing power plants based on the energy of ocean and tidal currents. The software currently available for feasibility studies do not present specific models already developed for the simulation of this kind of power plants. Thus, this technical note shows how Homer software (Legacy version) can be used to conduct this type of study in pre-feasibility level. This article also presents a case study in which Homer is applied, focused only on Homer adaptation but without exhausting the subject, showing a feasibility window that would include current power plants with certain cost and efficiency in an existing PV wind biodiesel hybrid system.

source:

Journal： Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering
DOI: 10.4236/cweee.2015.43005 (PDF)
Paper Id: 57914 (metadata)

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The Application Research on DOI in the Digital Publication of Chinese Sci-Tech Journals| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Author(s)： Ting Dai

ABSTRACT
DOI, Digital Object Identifier, has been pervasively applied in digital information resources overseas and becomes an international standard, while in China it’s still on the initial stage. This article discusses the application of DOI in the digital publication of Chinese sci-tech journals, and analyzes the problems, such as inadequate attention, lack of engagement, unsatisfactory application and so on, as well as the countermeasures. Giving the lifting effects of DOI on the digitalizing and networking of Chinese sci-tech journals, journal articles should be registered on DOI for the display degree and citation rate.

Introduction
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) is a tool for the location identification of digital information published on Internet. Praised as “the bar code on Internet” [1], DOI is the only code to digital resources, providing Internet links to the full text of electronic journals. At the same time, as a complete international service system, DOI could offer the one-stop services, including several value-added ones, such as registration, analysis and citation link. In sci-tech journals, the earliest, most mature and largest scaled applied area, DOI has been adopted widely overseas and becomes the only standard of papers for many publishers of digital documents such as Elsevier, Springer, John Wiley, and Blackwell. Compared with the increasingly mature digitalization and internalization of DOI abroad, it is only on the initial stage at home.

This article starts with the application status of DOI in Chinese sci-tech journals, and then goes into the applied value, problems as well as countermeasures. At last the conclusion is made that the journals should attach great importance to digitization and make full use of the network technique for the DOI registration, building the periodical website for the full texts of journals to promote the display degree and availability.

source:

Journal： Open Journal of Social Sciences
DOI: 10.4236/jss.2015.37034 (PDF)
Paper Id: 57968 (metadata)

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A Simulation of Signal Collisions over the North Atlantic for a Spaceborne ADS-B Receiver Using Aloha Protocol| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Author(s)：Richard Van Der Pryt, Ron Vincent

ABSTRACT

CanX-7 ADS-B receiver reception coverage (circle) with −103 dBm sensitivity at 800 km altitude (AGI STK Software). — CANX-7 ADS-B RECEIVER RECEPTION COVERAGE (CIRCLE) WITH −103
DBM SENSITIVITY AT 800 KM ALTITUDE (AGI STK SOFTWARE).

Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is an air traffic surveillance system in which aircraft broadcast GPS position, velocity and status on 1090 MHz at random intervals between 0.4 and 0.6 seconds. ADS-B networks for air traffic monitoring have been implemented worldwide, but ground stations cannot be installed in oceanic regions, leaving these areas uncovered. A solution for tracking aircraft over the ocean is through the monitoring of ADS-B signals by using spaceborne receivers. The Royal Military College of Canada has developed an ADS-B receiver that is scheduled to fly as a technology demonstrator on the Canadian Advanced Nanospace eXperiment-7 (CanX-7) nanosatellite. The payload will collect ADS-B data over the North Atlantic that will be compared to truth data provided by air traffic services. A potential issue for the CanX-7 payload is signal collisions. The extended footprint of the satellite coverage means that a large number of aircraft may be in view at any one time, leading to ADS-B messages that arrive simultaneously at the receiver not being decoded. A simulation of CanX-7 passage over the operations area was carried out to calculate the probability of signal collisions. Using the Aloha Protocol, it was determined that the loss of information as a result of signal collisions is well within the standards of ground based radars used by air traffic system agencies.

source:

Journal： Positioning
DOI: 10.4236/pos.2015.63003 (PDF)
Paper Id: 58012 (metadata)

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