Is It Surgery a Good Choice for Patients over 100 Years with Hip Fracture?

Author(s) ： Bogdan Deleanu, Radu Prejbeanu, Dinu Vermesan, Lucian Honcea, Cristina Nuta, Vlad Predescu

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Elderly patients represent a difficult category of surgical candidates for orthopedic surgery because they have multiple associated diseases and a high degree of osteoporosis. Presentation of Case: We present the case of a 103 years old woman with a pertrohanteric hip fracture treated successfully using a 135˚ dynamic hip screw. Discussion: There are many discussions about this kind of patients regarding postoperative complications, duration of hospitalization, stage of recovery and the patient’s status at discharge. Conclusion: We conclude that surgery may benefit patients who are over 100 year-old.

source:

Journal： Case Reports in Clinical Medicine
DOI: 10.4236/crcm.2015.48056 (PDF)
Paper Id: 58979 (metadata)

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Perceptions of Women on Marriage in Namibia

Author(s)： Nelago Indongo, Lillian Pazvakawambwa

ABSTRACT
Marital pattern in a Namibian society is predominantly of never married women, and the rates are increasing, while the proportion of those getting married is falling, nevertheless, these proportions decline as age increases. Quantitative research revealed differences in marital status by place of residence, education level and age group suggesting that aspects of culture, marriage practices and customs change over time. Focus group discussions of 6 – 9 participants were conducted to construct supplementary in-depth understanding of women’s feelings and attitudes towards marriage in Namibia. Results indicated that women felt that marriage was still important for family formation. The practice of early marriage was reported to be still happening especially in remote rural areas but was on the decline. Marital union choice was dictated by parental guidance, childhood sexual abuse, poverty, culture, age, and religion. Most marriages were not stable and divorces were increasing due to issues of infidelity, poor communication, inpatience and intolerance, step children, financial matters, alcohol and drug abuse, young age at marriage, witchcraft allegations, in-law relationships and even poor cooking. Cohabitation was promoted by exorbitant lobola, marriage costs, modernization, media influences, poverty, and flexibility. The risks associated with cohabiting were gender based violence and passion killings in the event of dissolution and lack of legal representation framework especially with respect to property in the event of partner death. Among the never married women, reasons for not marrying included absence of acceptable mate on the marriage market; need for independence, infertility, fear of abusive relationships, bad past experiences, heart aches, and lack of good married role models to inspire them to also marry.

source:

Journal： Psychology
DOI: 10.4236/psych.2015.611137 (PDF)
Paper Id: 59130 (metadata)

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A New Analytical Study of Modified Camassa-Holm and Degasperis-Procesi Equations

Author(s)： Majeed A. Yousif, Bewar A. Mahmood, Fadhil H. Easif

ABSTRACT
In this letter, variational homotopy perturbation method (VHPM) has been studied to obtain solitary wave solutions of modified Camassa-Holm and Degasperis-Procesi equations. The results show that the VHPM is suitable for solving nonlinear differential equations with fully nonlinear dispersion term. The travelling wave solution for above equation compared with VIM, HPM, and exact solution. Also, it was shown that the present method is effective, suitable, and reliable for these types of equations.

 Introduction
Many varieties of physical, chemical, and biological phenomena can be expressed in terms of nonlinear partial differential equations. In most cases, it is difficult to obtain the exact solution for these equations. Therefore analytical methods have been used to find approximate solutions. In recent years, many analytical methods such as the Adomian decomposition method [1] [2], the homotopy analysis method [3] [4], the variational iteration method [5] [6], the homotopy perturbation method [7]-[10], and variational homotopy perturbation method [11] [12] have been utilized to solve linear and nonlinear equations.
In this paper, we will use variational homotopy perturbation method to study the Modified Camassa-Holm and Degasperis-Procesi equations and obtain their analytical solutions.

source:

Journal： American Journal of Computational Mathematics
DOI: 10.4236/ajcm.2015.53024 (PDF)
Paper Id: 59302 (metadata)

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Fermented Black Turmeric Designed by Lactobacillus Rearranged Leukocyte Subsets and Anti-Oxidative Activity

Author(s)： Yousuke Watanabe, Nobuo Yamaguchi, Isao Horiuch, Tsugia Murayama

ABSTRACT
A plant fermentation was carried out by Yeast and Lactobaccilli against fermented black turmeric, Kaempferia parviflora (FBT). These materials were proved by as safe in animal safety experiment. We tried to investigate changes of immune-competent cells that commonly utilized FBT, including after administration of immno-suppressed animals, the effects by FBT on the regulated effect on the cells were evaluated. Our results showed that FBT augmented the level of lymphocytes in number, while FBT regulated the level of granulocytes in both number and function. In our clinical study with 20 healthy volunteers, granulocyte and lymphocyte ratio suggesting their constitution as neutral in peripheral blood were increased significantly 30 days after the administration of FBT in rodents, and compromised host was prepared with cancer chemotherapeutic agent (Mytomycin-C). Our observations showed against intracellular parasite, and that FBT augmented intercellular pathogen through humoral immunity. We discussed the significance and mechanism of FBT on the level of leukocyte subsets in number and function that were considered to be potential indicators for the activation of the compromised host. We also proposed an idea that FBT exhibited tonic effects via activating complement components. The evidences were shown by immune-electrophoretic method. Moreover, we tried to access further to the anti-oxidative activities of this FBT. This modification brought to the significant lift up for antibody producing cells and anti-oxidative activity for phagocytic cells.

source:

Journal： Open Journal of Immunology
DOI: 10.4236/oji.2015.53016 (PDF)
Paper Id: 59312 (metadata)

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Food Choice Behaviour of Chinese Consumers in Shenyang, Liaoning Province

Author(s)：Roseline Love MacArthur, Yuehua Wang, Xuqiao Feng

ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to investigate consumers’ use of nutrition claims and to determine the food choice behaviour of Chinese consumers based on the nutrient content of packaged foods. A cross-sectional descriptive research approach was followed. Combined stratified and random sampling methods were used to select 400 adult literate consumers involved in packaged food purchases from international chain supermarkets and other popular shops in Shenyang in Liaoning Province, North-East of China. Data were collected with questionnaires and analysed with both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicated that none of the respondents could interpret “salt free”, only 6.0% understood “reduced sugar” and 70% were sceptical about such claims. A total of 53.8% and 64.4% of the respondents neither understood the term or knew their RDA respectively, even though familiarity with these had implication for food consumption. Respondents’ use of information on calorie (Mean = 3.003, Std. Dev. = 1.248), sugar (Mean = 3.151, Std. Dev. = 1.175) and fat (Mean = 3.175, Std. Dev. = 1.202) content affected their food choices “sometimes” while salt content “rarely” (Mean = 2.803, Std. Dev. = 1.193) did. While the highest level education showed no significance, health status was significantly and negatively correlated with low-calorie (r = ?0.094, p < 0.01) and low-salt (r = ?0.083, p < 0.05) food choices. Taste influenced the choice of biscuits/cookies, which normally had high amount of fat, sugar and/or salt. The findings suggested a low nutrition labelling awareness even though majority of the respondents were well educated. Misconception and scepticism about label claims and value placed on taste could lead to over consumption of the negative nutrients from packaged foods. Consumer education and enforcement of claims on calorie, fat, sugar and salt are emphasized.

source:

Journal： Modern Economy
DOI: 10.4236/me.2015.69088 (PDF)
Paper Id: 59313 (metadata)

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Three Urbanisms in One City: Accommodating the Paces of Change

ABSTRACT
In current times urban developments can no longer be seen as straightforward building of the required number of houses, industries and parking spaces. Instead, the problems in many cities are of different nature: urban conurbations may shrink, or climate impacts cause a serious disaster. These problems all have a different pace of development. The fast development must be combined with slower development pace fitting with shrinking cities and the sudden change climatic impacts requires. Therefore, in this article three types of urbanisms are proposed, which each care for an increase of resilience in the city. Fast urbanism accommodates the growth of the city in a calculated way in periods of economic prosperity; slow urbanism designs spaces for slowly developing uses such as ecology or food in times of shrinkage; and suddenism anticipates future climate impacts through designing spaces for temporary use.

Introduction
The way we plan our cities is generally driven by two straightforward factors. There is economic growth and accordingly urban growth or the population increases, also leading to increasing demand for urban space. These two factors are often intermingled. However, recently other phenomena have been influencing the city, such as a shrinking population or climate impacts and disasters. These aspects are difficult, or at least unusual, in the urban planning process, because they have a fundamental different pace of change than the good old housing or industrial development tasks. Therefore, in this article two new types of urbanism are introduced: slow urbanism and suddenism, which are capable of accommodating faster of slower change in the city.

source:

Journal： Journal of Environmental Protection
DOI: 10.4236/jep.2015.69084 (PDF)
Paper Id: 59349 (metadata)

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Strategic Trial to Find Aging Face Print

Author(s)： Khalifa E. Sharquie1, Sabeeh A. Al-Mashhadani, Ali Thamer Hameed

ABSTRACT
Background: Wrinkling of face is a common feature of aging and each individual could have his own feature of disease. Objective: To categorize the wrinkles of each individual in order to find the characteristic picture of each individual aiming to find so called a print of aging. Patients and Methods: An observational study was done on 1011 cases their ages more than 30 years. 679 subjects (67.2%) were males and 332 (32.8%) were females. Their ages ranged between 30 – 86 years. Cases attended Department of Dermatology/Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq in period from April 2012 to April 2013. The distribution and the types and of wrinkling were mapped in all individuals. Regional variations including forehead, glabellae, periorbital, nasolabial, perioral and sides of the face were well studied. Results: Forehead horizontal pattern were presented in 860 (85%) subjects, forehead vertical pattern in 84 (8.3%), glabella horizontal pattern in 705 (69.7%) and glabella vertical in 698 (69%). Periorbital pattern was presented in 885 (87.5%) subjects and nasolabial angle in 540 (53.4%). Glabella vertical and horizontal patters were significantly more in males than females. Also, the males were significantly more affected by periorbital and nasolabial folds. Conclusion: Each individual or group of individual has characteristic morphological pattern of wrinkling that start early in life and becomes mature often with time and this pattern might deserve the name of a print.

source:

Journal： Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications
DOI: 10.4236/jcdsa.2015.53024 (PDF)
Paper Id: 59403 (metadata)

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Chemotaxis of Meloidogyne incognita in Response to Different Salts

Author(s)：Yonghong Qi, Li Meng, Sufang Cao, Minquan Li1, Shulong Chen, Deyou Ye
ABSTRACT
The chemotactic responses of Meloidogyne incognita were studied in salt gradients in an agarose gel. Forty-eight combinations of sodium, copper, cesium, manganese , barium, potassium, ferric or ammonium cations and chloride, nitrate, sulphate, hydrogen-phosphate, bicarbonate, acetic acid, thiocyanic acid and hydroxyl anions were tested at six concentrations from 0.0625 × 10-2 to 2 × 10-2 mol·L-1. M. incognita was repellented to salts that included Cl- and SCN-. Other salts that comprised the same anions had different chemotactic responses, among which M. incognita was repellented to ammonium salts that included Ba(NO3)2, NH4NO3, Mn(NO3)2, and hydrogen-phosphate salts that included KH2PO4, K2HPO4, and bicarbonate salts that included Na2CO3, K2CO3, (NH4)2CO3, KHCO3, and hydroxyl salts that included KOH, NaOH, and organic acid that included C2H4O2, C3H6O3 and C4H6O6. The repellent or attraction properties of different salts having the same cations were not consistent. The order of repellence was SCN- > NO3- > Cl- > OH- > CO32- >H2PO-4 > organic acid >SO42- . The chemotaxis of nematodes to KCl, Ba(NO3)2, NH4NO3, Mn(NO3)2, (NH4)2CO3, CH3COOH and C4H6O6 increased with the increasing concentration, while the concentration of other salts tested did not influence nematode chemotaxis significantly.

source:

Journal： Agricultural Sciences
DOI: 10.4236/as.2015.69086 (PDF)
Paper Id: 59482 (metadata)

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Chemotaxis of Meloidogyne incognita in Response to Different Salts| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Chemotaxis of Meloidogyne incognita in Response to Different Salts| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Chemotaxis of Meloidogyne incognita in Response to Different Salts

by SCIRP posted on SEPTEMBER 9, 2015 [EDIT]

Author(s)：Yonghong Qi, Li Meng, Sufang Cao, Minquan Li1, Shulong Chen, Deyou Ye
ABSTRACT
The chemotactic responses of Meloidogyne incognita were studied in salt gradients in an agarose gel. Forty-eight combinations of sodium, copper, cesium, manganese , barium, potassium, ferric or ammonium cations and chloride, nitrate, sulphate, hydrogen-phosphate, bicarbonate, acetic acid, thiocyanic acid and hydroxyl anions were tested at six concentrations from 0.0625 × 10-2 to 2 × 10-2 mol·L-1. M. incognita was repellented to salts that included Cl- and SCN-. Other salts that comprised the same anions had different chemotactic responses, among which M. incognita was repellented to ammonium salts that included Ba(NO3)2, NH4NO3, Mn(NO3)2, and hydrogen-phosphate salts that included KH2PO4, K2HPO4, and bicarbonate salts that included Na2CO3, K2CO3, (NH4)2CO3, KHCO3, and hydroxyl salts that included KOH, NaOH, and organic acid that included C2H4O2, C3H6O3 and C4H6O6. The repellent or attraction properties of different salts having the same cations were not consistent. The order of repellence was SCN- > NO3- > Cl- > OH- > CO32- >H2PO-4 > organic acid >SO42- . The chemotaxis of nematodes to KCl, Ba(NO3)2, NH4NO3, Mn(NO3)2, (NH4)2CO3, CH3COOH and C4H6O6 increased with the increasing concentration, while the concentration of other salts tested did not influence nematode chemotaxis significantly.

source:

Journal： Agricultural Sciences
DOI: 10.4236/as.2015.69086 (PDF)
Paper Id: 59482 (metadata)

Application of Graph Theory in Grain and Oil Deployment

Author(s): Guangshu Xu, Zilong Song

ABSTRACT
The deployment of grain and oil is related to the daily needs of people and the stability of society. In this paper, we take the shortest path problem and the minimum cost maximum flow problem in graph theory as the theoretical basis. Through the establishment of distance matrix between the reserves station and the deployment warehouse or between reserve station and reserve station, we use the Floyd algorithm to calculate the shortest path between any two points in the matrix to determine the optimal deployment of the emergency plan. Through the establishment of mathematical model of the reserve station and deployment warehouse, we use the minimum cost maximum flow theory to solve the model and to obtain the deployment programs of grain and oil under normal circumstances. Through the combination of shortest path and minimum cost and maximum flow, we give the deployment plan under the general emergency situation and provide a new way for the deployment of the supply of grain and oil in each case.

source:

Journal： Journal of Service Science and Management
DOI: 10.4236/jssm.2015.84051 (PDF)
Paper Id: 58529 (metadata)

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Brain Signaling in Psychiatric Disorders: What Can They Tell Us in the Absence of Behavioral Differences?

Author(s)：Jodi M. Gilman , James M. Bjork, Timothy E. Wilens

ABSTRACT
This is a commentary on the often-observed phenomenon of observing task-based brain signaling differences between clinical populations and healthy control participants in the absence of any behavioral decrements in the clinical group. We offer several explanations for why brain-based differences amid normative performance may be of interest to researchers and clinicians. First, neural processing in the clinical group may not be as efficient as that in the control group. Second, differences in activati​​on could reveal important differences in the cognition behind the (normative) behavior. Third, differences in activati​​on may be prognostic biomarkers of injury or decline. In addition, we contend that similar behavior between groups is important in properly interpreting brain data. Finally, we offer caveats and future directions to further clarify brain mechanisms underlying behavior in clinical populations.

source:

Journal： Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science
DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2015.58033 (PDF)
Paper Id: 58360 (metadata)

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Psychology of Light: How Light Influences the Health and Psyche

Author(s)： Rosella Tomassoni, Giuseppe Galetta, Eugenia Treglia

ABSTRACT
Light is the stimulus that influences most the human perception, but also the psychophysical well-being of the individual in everyday life. This paper analyzes the light from a psychological point of view, investigating the relationships between light-based emotions and behaviours, and the psychophysical responses to lit environment by the perceivers in different experiential contexts. Light becomes, therefore, “Cognitive Map” and “Emotional Driver”, but also a “Gestaltic Device” for the perceiver, in order to understand and interpret the external reality.Even the dark and lighting deprivation were considered, not only as environmental conditioning on the mood (Fusco, 2005a), but also through the psychological analysis of specific light manipulation techniques, such as “Sendep” and “Ganzfeld Effect”. Finally, some guidelines were shown to improve health and wellness of the individual exposed to the light in a given environment (healthy lighting), getting to define an “Ecological” approach to light and lighting perception in human life, that would also involve some light-based techniques, such as Light Design and Light Art.

source:

Journal： Psychology
DOI: 10.4236/psych.2015.610119 (PDF)
Paper Id: 58563 (metadata)

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A New Interpretation of the Hubble Law| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

A New Interpretation of the Hubble Law| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Author(s)： Pascal Churoux

ABSTRACT

EMPIRICAL MODEL OF THE Μ-Z DIAGRAM

We propose a new interpretation of Hubble law. Waves are observed in the observer space-time. It defines the observer proper time T. Space-time is composed of three spatial dimensions and three temporal parameters: proper-time s of the observed object, proper time T of the observer and integration time t (currently considered as relative time). Time origin is the birth of the universe. So, universe is stable; it can be seen as the comobile space of expansion theory. When changing space-time from the source to the observer, waves are seen cooling; this explains the redshift effect. The distance is defined as the product of the delay time with the local speed of light of the observer. The mistake between t and T can explain why universe is viewed as not only in expansion but also in acceleration whereas we think it is stable.

Introduction
Up to now, physics laws are based on Einstein relativity, established in 1905. Hubble has discovered the correlation between redshift and distance [1]. Cosmology is based on an interpretation of the redshift as expansion [2] through the ΛCDM model.

This article proposes a new approach to explain Hubble law. Other alternatives to expansion have been proposed such as Zwicky in 1929 [3]. Here, we propose a model without expansion and based on a new space-time notion. It defines the local proper time of the observer. Space-time relationship is changing from the observed source to the observer.

First we present the model and then we discuss the interpretation of redshift applied to black body radiation. We compare the proposed model to measured data in the distance modulus—redshift diagram. At the end we explain why, in present interpretation, universe is viewed expanding and moreover accelerating [4] whereas we think it is stable.

source:

Journal： Journal of Modern Physics
DOI: 10.4236/jmp.2015.69127 (PDF)
Paper Id: 58622 (metadata)

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Sigma-Point Filters in Robotic Applications

Sigma-Point Filters in Robotic Applications

Author(s): Mohammad Al-Shabi

ABSTRACT

SIGMA-POINTS FOR N = 2 [31].

Sigma-Point Kalman Filters (SPKFs) are popular estimation techniques for high nonlinear system applications. The benefits of using SPKFs include (but not limited to) the following: the easiness of linearizing the nonlinear matrices statistically without the need to use the Jacobian matrices, the ability to handle more uncertainties than the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), the ability to handle different types of noise, having less computational time than the Particle Filter (PF) and most of the adaptive techniques which makes it suitable for online applications, and having acceptable performance compared to other nonlinear estimation techniques. Therefore, SPKFs are a strong candidate for nonlinear industrial applications, i.e. robotic arm. Controlling a robotic arm is hard and challenging due to the system nature, which includes sinusoidal functions, and the dependency on the sensors’ number, quality, accuracy and functionality. SPKFs provide with a mechanism that reduces the latter issue in terms of numbers of required sensors and their sensitivity. Moreover, they could handle the nonlinearity for a certain degree. This could be used to improve the controller quality while reducing the cost. In this paper, some SPKF algorithms are applied to 4-DOF robotic arm that consists of one prismatic joint and three revolute joints (PRRR). Those include the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), the Cubature Kalman Filter (CKF), and the Central Differences Kalman Filter (CDKF). This study gives a study of those filters and their responses, stability, robustness, computational time, complexity and convergences in order to obtain the suitable filter for an experimental setup.

source:

Journal： Intelligent Control and Automation
DOI: 10.4236/ica.2015.63017 (PDF)
Paper Id: 58508 (metadata)

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A Model for Measuring Geographic Information Systems Success| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

A Model for Measuring Geographic Information Systems Success| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Author(s)：Khalid A. Eldrandaly, Soaad M. Naguib, Mohammed M. Hassan

ABSTRACT
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become a fact of our life as they are being used by more people and organizations for more complex decision problems than ever before. The use of GIS can achieve valuable benefits for individuals, organizations and society; however, the achievement of these benefits depends on the success of GIS. While information systems (IS) success models have received much attention among researchers, there is a general scarcity of research conducted to measure the GIS success. This paper proposes a success model for measuring GIS success by extending and modifying previous IS success models. The developed success model consists of two main levels: GIS project diffusion success, and GIS post-implementation success. The first level identifies the critical success factors (CSFs) that influence the success of GIS adoption at each stage of the diffusion process. The second level of the proposed model identifies and organizes the success dimensions (outcome measures) of GIS in temporal and causal relationships. In order to assess the relationships among the success dimensions, 11 hypotheses were tested. Data were collected through a questionnaire that was distributed to 252 GIS users/managers in Egypt and abroad. The empirical results support 6 hypotheses and reject 5 hypotheses.

source:

Journal： Journal of Geographic Information System
DOI: 10.4236/jgis.2015.74026 (PDF)
Paper Id: 58359 (metadata)

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Associations of Jet Streams with Tornado Outbreaks in the North America| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Associations of Jet Streams with Tornado Outbreaks in the North America| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Author(s)：Igor G. Zurbenko, Mingzeng Sun

ABSTRACT
Jet streams, a current of fast winds located about seven miles up near the tropopause, are major weather driving factors in the mid-latitudes. Using the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis data resources for the period 1979 to 1988, we defined the latitudinal distribution of daily wind maxima by month, and analyzed latitudinal distribution of the highest daily wind speed at the selected longitude in the 19th week of the year. We showed the typical diving pattern of jet stream over Central America in spring. We found that latitudinal distribution of daily wind maxima was concurrently oscillated with latitudinal distribution of tornado outbreaks in April, May and June. KZ filter smoothed latitudinal distribution of highest daily wind speed on tornado days showed a substantial increase in number of daily wind maxima over tornado alley region, compared to that on non-tornado-days.

source:

Journal： Atmospheric and Climate Sciences
DOI: 10.4236/acs.2015.53026 (PDF)
Paper Id: 58307 (metadata)

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Catastrophic Debrisflow in Dariali (Georgia) in the Year 2014| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Catastrophic Debrisflow in Dariali (Georgia) in the Year 2014| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Author(s)： George Gaprindashvili, Merab Gaprindashvili

ABSTRACT

DEBRISFLOW SOURCE AREA.

River Tergi, Aragvi and Asa-Arghuni, which occupy significant area of mountainous region of central Caucasus, by its geographic location, strategic meaning, peculiarities of natural landscape and infrastructural objects (Trans-Caucasian highway, gas pipeline, water supply of the capital, Gudauri ski-mountainous complex) minerals, historic-ethnographic monuments, opportunities for development of mountainous tourism and mountaineering, where more important engineering projects are being planned; all the above give perspective of development of economic base, employment of the population and restoration of motivated villages, more over that the major part of their perimeter represents state border. At the same time, extremely complex relief, landscape-climatic conditions and sensitive geologic environment have been always defining peculiarities of settlement of population and agricultural activities and determining landscape-ecologic balance of geographic environment. However, whereas amount of land for optimal adaptation is extremely limited, its irregular adaptation causes critical degradation-devastation of lands. Consequently, this causes development of scaled and diverse geologic processes (land-slides, debrisflow, erosion, etc.), which have been complicated anyway and are followed by enormous material loss, forcing thousands of people to leave their homes, emptying if tens of villages and human sacrifice. The article considers conditions of development of a catastrophic debrisflow, which occurred in Dariali in the year 2014 and its negative consequences.

source:

Journal： Natural Science
DOI: 10.4236/ns.2015.77041 (PDF)
Paper Id: 58225 (metadata)

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Simulating Ocean and Tidal Current Power Plants with Homer| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Simulating Ocean and Tidal Current Power Plants with Homer| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Author(s)：Andrea Fischer, Jones S. Silva, Alexandre Beluco, Luiz Emílio B. Almeida

ABSTRACT
The oceans can provide us with several direct sources of renewable energy, such as wave energy, energy from currents and energy in thermal gradients among other energy resources. The uses of these resources have not yet reached technical and economic maturity, but they have experienced significant advances in recent years. In this process, tools for feasibility analysis of hybrid systems including specific power plants are important. This article is dedicated to the feasibility study of hybrid systems containing power plants based on the energy of ocean and tidal currents. The software currently available for feasibility studies do not present specific models already developed for the simulation of this kind of power plants. Thus, this technical note shows how Homer software (Legacy version) can be used to conduct this type of study in pre-feasibility level. This article also presents a case study in which Homer is applied, focused only on Homer adaptation but without exhausting the subject, showing a feasibility window that would include current power plants with certain cost and efficiency in an existing PV wind biodiesel hybrid system.

source:

Journal： Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering
DOI: 10.4236/cweee.2015.43005 (PDF)
Paper Id: 57914 (metadata)

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The Application Research on DOI in the Digital Publication of Chinese Sci-Tech Journals| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

The Application Research on DOI in the Digital Publication of Chinese Sci-Tech Journals| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Author(s)： Ting Dai

ABSTRACT
DOI, Digital Object Identifier, has been pervasively applied in digital information resources overseas and becomes an international standard, while in China it’s still on the initial stage. This article discusses the application of DOI in the digital publication of Chinese sci-tech journals, and analyzes the problems, such as inadequate attention, lack of engagement, unsatisfactory application and so on, as well as the countermeasures. Giving the lifting effects of DOI on the digitalizing and networking of Chinese sci-tech journals, journal articles should be registered on DOI for the display degree and citation rate.

Introduction
DOI (Digital Object Identifier) is a tool for the location identification of digital information published on Internet. Praised as “the bar code on Internet” [1], DOI is the only code to digital resources, providing Internet links to the full text of electronic journals. At the same time, as a complete international service system, DOI could offer the one-stop services, including several value-added ones, such as registration, analysis and citation link. In sci-tech journals, the earliest, most mature and largest scaled applied area, DOI has been adopted widely overseas and becomes the only standard of papers for many publishers of digital documents such as Elsevier, Springer, John Wiley, and Blackwell. Compared with the increasingly mature digitalization and internalization of DOI abroad, it is only on the initial stage at home.

This article starts with the application status of DOI in Chinese sci-tech journals, and then goes into the applied value, problems as well as countermeasures. At last the conclusion is made that the journals should attach great importance to digitization and make full use of the network technique for the DOI registration, building the periodical website for the full texts of journals to promote the display degree and availability.

source:

Journal： Open Journal of Social Sciences
DOI: 10.4236/jss.2015.37034 (PDF)
Paper Id: 57968 (metadata)

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A Simulation of Signal Collisions over the North Atlantic for a Spaceborne ADS-B Receiver Using Aloha Protocol| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

A Simulation of Signal Collisions over the North Atlantic for a Spaceborne ADS-B Receiver Using Aloha Protocol| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Author(s)：Richard Van Der Pryt, Ron Vincent

ABSTRACT

CANX-7 ADS-B RECEIVER RECEPTION COVERAGE (CIRCLE) WITH −103
DBM SENSITIVITY AT 800 KM ALTITUDE (AGI STK SOFTWARE).

Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is an air traffic surveillance system in which aircraft broadcast GPS position, velocity and status on 1090 MHz at random intervals between 0.4 and 0.6 seconds. ADS-B networks for air traffic monitoring have been implemented worldwide, but ground stations cannot be installed in oceanic regions, leaving these areas uncovered. A solution for tracking aircraft over the ocean is through the monitoring of ADS-B signals by using spaceborne receivers. The Royal Military College of Canada has developed an ADS-B receiver that is scheduled to fly as a technology demonstrator on the Canadian Advanced Nanospace eXperiment-7 (CanX-7) nanosatellite. The payload will collect ADS-B data over the North Atlantic that will be compared to truth data provided by air traffic services. A potential issue for the CanX-7 payload is signal collisions. The extended footprint of the satellite coverage means that a large number of aircraft may be in view at any one time, leading to ADS-B messages that arrive simultaneously at the receiver not being decoded. A simulation of CanX-7 passage over the operations area was carried out to calculate the probability of signal collisions. Using the Aloha Protocol, it was determined that the loss of information as a result of signal collisions is well within the standards of ground based radars used by air traffic system agencies.

source:

Journal： Positioning
DOI: 10.4236/pos.2015.63003 (PDF)
Paper Id: 58012 (metadata)

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Successful High-Dosage Dexamethasone Treatment of H1N1 Influenza A Pneumonia Complicated with Acute Necrotizing Encephalitis in an HIV-Infected Adult| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Successful High-Dosage Dexamethasone Treatment of H1N1 Influenza A Pneumonia Complicated with Acute Necrotizing Encephalitis in an HIV-Infected Adult| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Author(s)：Kuan-Chih Chen, Chien-Hung Gow, Chia-Jui Yang, Hou-Tai Chang

ABSTRACT
Neurological manifestations in H1N1 influenza A infection are very rare, especially in adults, and its mechanism of action is still uncertain. Here, we reported the case of a 53-year-old woman with human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) who had H1N1 influenza A pneumonia complicated with very rare acute necrotizing encephalitis, although the HIV was under control. With prompt identification and administration of high dosage of dexamethasone, her mental status improved from stupor to clear, with minimal right hemiparesis. Further, brain magnetic resonance image revealed great resolution of mass effect. This dramatic improvement in response to the treatment may improve our understanding of the pathophysiology between H1N1 influenza A infection and acute necrotizing encephalitis.

source:

Journal： Case Reports in Clinical Medicine
DOI: 10.4236/crcm.2015.47048 (PDF)
Paper Id: 57713 (metadata)

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Ålesund—The Art Nouveau City| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Ålesund—The Art Nouveau City| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Author(s)：Larysa Karaliova

Abstract

STONE HOUSES IN THE CENTER OF THE CITY. PHOTO: AUTHOR.

Cities and their people have their own fate, and sometimes it is tragic. Often tragic events lead to the death and oblivion of a city, and traces of them only remain in the pages of historical chronicles. Ålesund has had both a tragic and a happy fate. A conflagration in 1905 became a turning point in the history of the city. Ålesund was destroyed, and only ashes were left. This tragedy changed its outlook,
and made it world famous because Ålesund was completely rebuilt in an Art Nouveau style.

Introduction
Before the Fire
In the 19th century, Ålesund was a small fishing village (there were many of these along the Norwegian coast)[1]. Ålesund was a town of fishermen, go-getters, businessmen, and workers. They produced many goods for export: fish, cod liver oil, vitamin oil, and guano, a type of fishmeal. Increases in production and export involved a large workforce. Agricultural workers from nearby moved into the town and found jobs on fishing boats, and in the docks, factories, warehouses, and elsewhere. The town grew, and housing in the town center became very dense, with wall-to-wall buildings and narrow streets. However, the streets were adequately wide for walking and small carts. All production and storage facilities were located on the shore of the bay, and items moved mostly by water. Here, fish were harvested for both the local market and for export. The chief export of Ålesund was clipfish, which is fish that is cut, salted, and dried on the rocks. Favorable market conditions brought revenue to the treasury of the town. In 1841, Ålesund was granted by authorities the status of a city.

A special pride of Ålesund was its fire brigade with a permanent team of 20 stately men, as many members again as a reserve team, and about 230 volunteers. When a fire occurred, the fire brigade could count on the help of 12,500 men found among the residents of the town [2]. Fires occurred frequently, especially in the winter, because houses were heated with wood or coal, and it was not always possible to keep domestic fires under control.
The fire department was equipped with an observation tower located on a hill in the center of the city. The observation tower was manned around the clock. In 1903, an expensive hydrant system was commissioned into service. The fire department was also equipped with an 18-pound cannon loaded with a blank cartridge to wake up the town inhabitants [2]. In addition to their regular duties, members of the fire brigade had to be able to speak Spanish because there were always many Spanish ships in the harbor. The fire service was arranged perfectly, and the team coped valiantly with the many serious fires. On one occasion though, the elements were stronger than the people.

source:

Journal： Voice of the Publisher

Paper Id: 57562 (metadata)

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Green Liver Systems® for Water Purification: Using the Phytoremediation Potential of Aquatic Macrophytes for the Removal of Different Cyanobacterial Toxins from Water| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Green Liver Systems® for Water Purification: Using the Phytoremediation Potential of Aquatic Macrophytes for the Removal of Different Cyanobacterial Toxins from Water| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Author(s) ：Stephan Pflugmacher, Sandra Kühn, Sang-Hyup Lee, Jae-Woo Choi, Seungyun Baik, Kyu-Sang Kwon, Valeska Contardo-Jara

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL WETLAND SYSTEMS AND THE NEWLY DEVELOPED GREEN LIVER SYSTEM® USING THE CYANOBACTERIAL TOXIN MICROCYSTIN-LR AS AN EXAMPLE. THE PRODUCTION OF METABOLITES [5] FROM MC-LR WITH UNKNOWN TOXICITY IN CONVENTIONAL WETLANDS BY BACTERIAL BIOFILMS IS THE MAIN DIFFERENCE, AS IN THE GREEN LIVER SYSTEM THE METABOLISATION IS PERFORMED WITHIN THE PLANT CELLS, WITH NO RELEASE OF METABOLITES INTO THE SURROUNDING WATER BODY.

ABSTRACT
The protection and reasonable use of freshwater is one of the main goals for our future, as water is most important for all organisms on earth including humans. Due to pollution, not only with xenobiotics, but also with nutrients, the status of our water bodies has changed drastically. Excess nutrient load induces eutrophication processes and, as a result, massive cyanobacterial blooms during the summer times. As cyanobacteria are known to produce several toxic secondary metabolites, the so-called cyanotoxins
, exhibiting hepato-, neuro- and cell-toxicity, a potential risk is given, when using this water. There is an urgent need to have a water purification system, which is able to cope with these natural toxins. Using aquatic plants as a Green Liver, the Green Liver System?, was developed, able to remove these natural pollutants. To test the ability of the Green Liver System?, several cyanobacterial toxins including artificial and natural mixtures were tested in a small-scale laboratory system. The results showed that within 7 – 14 days a combination of different aquatic macrophytes was able to remove a given toxin amount (10 μg·L-1) by 100%. The phytoremediation technology behind the Green Liver Systems? uses the simple ability of submerged aquatic plants to uptake, detoxify and store the toxins, without formation and release of further metabolites to the surrounding water.

source:

Journal： American Journal of Plant Sciences
DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2015.69161 (PDF)
Paper Id: 57519 (metadata)

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Analyzing the Physico-Chemical Parameters of Detergents and Detergent Mixtures| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Analyzing the Physico-Chemical Parameters of Detergents and Detergent Mixtures| BLOG – Scientific Research Publishing

Author(s)： Britta Tschapek, Sander H. J. Smits, Lutz Schmitt

ABSTRACT
The most important physico-chemical characteristics describing detergent micelles are the CMC value and the aggregation number. These parameters depend critically on external conditions such as pH, ionic strength, buffer composition or temperature. However, the influence of these conditions on CMC or aggregation number is a priori not to predict, but the most important parameter. This holds especially for the aggregation number. Here, we present a simple, reliable and fast method for the analysis of detergent containing buffer systems. It enables the determination of CMC values and aggregation numbers of detergents as well as detergent mixtures in a 96well plate standard device relying on steady state fluorescence and fluorescence quenching. To prove the general applicability of our approach, we analyzed DDM as a prime example of a detergent and mixtures of DDM with six other detergents at different ratios to demonstrate the potential of our method.

source:

Journal： Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science
DOI: 10.4236/aces.2015.53034 (PDF)
Paper Id: 57810 (metadata)

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